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Public art refers to "artistic and cultural works for public spaces." It began in the 1930s after the Great Depression in Sweden and the United States as a public policy to commission work for artists who were in difficult circumstances. In the postwar 1950s, France established a law requiring that a portion (1%) of the total budget for public building construction be allocated to the installation and purchase of artworks. In the 1960s, the United States also implemented legislation at the national and local government levels under the name "Percent for Art," establishing it as a prominent cultural policy institution. The percentage allocated to artistic and cultural works varies by country, but today, similar initiatives are being implemented not only in Western countries but also in China, Taiwan, and South Korea.